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This article is from a transcript of the opening presentation of FFF’s September 21, 2021, conference “Restoring Our Civil Liberties.”
In the later classical period, a new system, which came to be known as democracy, emerged, notably in Athens. It was based on the liberty of the citizens and was used to describe the Athenaion Politeia after the reforms undertaken by the Greek states and Cleisthenes in the period 508 to 507, before the common era. Athens had been a cauldron of civil strife — that is to say, what we might call a civil war or internal conflict — and Cleisthenes was called on to reform the system. In 510, the Athenians had expelled a tyrant, Hippias, with the help of the Spartans. Isagoras then collaborated with the Spartans to seize power and expelled Cleisthenes, who then called on the people to rebel, was elected, and began a democratic ...