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The Abolitionist Adventure, Part 3

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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 National attention soon focused on whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state — a matter that affected the balance of power in the Senate. The immense Kansas-Nebraska territory had been formerly closed to slavery under the Missouri Compromise. But the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 — a deal struck by Stephen Douglas of Illinois to get Southern support for a railway in his state — nullified the compromise. Kansas was now up for grabs. Let the people decide, Douglas said. And so, resident voters would determine the slave status of new states carved from the territory. Pro- and anti-slavery forces flooded Kansas in an effort to influence the election. Violence erupted; voting irregularities were rampant. The election in 1856 of President Buchanan, who was regarded as a friend to slavery, angered Garrison. In the first issue ...

The Abolitionist Adventure, Part 2

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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 On August 31, 1831, a Virginia slave named Nat Turner instigated a slave revolt in which a slave owner and his family were killed. Eventually, the victims of Turners band exceeded 50. The South exploded with fear and rage, with many blaming Northern abolitionists, especially William Lloyd Garrison. A Virginia paper called for a price on Garrisons head; the Georgia legislature appropriated money for that same purpose. Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, passed a law prohibiting any free black from taking The Liberator from the post office on pain of a $20 fine or 30 days imprisonment. Garrison responded by making The Liberator even more radical and placed a woodcut representing a slave auction on The Liberators heading. A resident of Georgia assured Garrison that the picture achieved its goal: it galled slave owners. The Liberator also became a voice for free blacks. When ...

Going Postal: A Libertarian Tradition

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BENJAMIN TUCKER, editor of Liberty (1881–1908) and the prototypical 19th-century radical libertarian, constantly experimented with strategies to educate people away from government. He particularly delighted in anti-government stickers, which he declared to be “highly useful” because of their cheapness and versatility. The stickers were “invented” by Steven T. Byington, who also translated Max Stirner’s Ego and His Own, and they were advertised in Liberty as “aggressive, concise ... assertions and arguments in sheets, gummed and perforated, to be planted everywhere as broadcast seed for thought.” Each sheet contained 25 stickers that were particularly appropriate for gluing onto envelopes. Urging all freedom sympathizers to use them persistently, Tucker assured them, “The post-office department has ruled that these stickers may be placed upon mail matter of the first, third, and fourth classes.” Tucker knew ...