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Book Review: Reflections on a Ravaged Century

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Reflections on a Ravaged Century by Robert Conquest (New York: W.W. Norton, 2000); 317 pages; $26.95. When the 19th century was ending, there was a great sense of optimism and confidence. The December 31, 1899, issue of the New York Times had devoted practically its entire editorial page to a summary of the magnificent achievements of the 19th century: the steam engine, the railroad, the telegraph and the telephone, ocean liners, and the electric light bulb. Even the cash register! The Times editor concluded: "We step upon the threshold of 1900 which leads to the new century facing a still brighter dawn of civilization." There was also a belief that wars - at least great wars - were a thing of the past. Books such as Gustav de Molinari's The Society of Tomorrow and Norman Angell's The Great Illusion argued that wars and arms races were becoming too costly for the peoples of the world to be willing to bear. Besides, the ...

Book Review: Reflections on a Ravaged Century

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Reflections on a Ravaged Century by Robert Conquest (New York: W.W. Norton, 2000); 317 pages; $26.95. When the 19th century was ending, there was a great sense of optimism and confidence. The December 31, 1899, issue of the New York Times had devoted practically its entire editorial page to a summary of the magnificent achievements of the 19th century: the steam engine, the railroad, the telegraph and the telephone, ocean liners, and the electric light bulb. Even the cash register! The Times editor concluded: "We step upon the threshold of 1900 which leads to the new century facing a still brighter dawn of civilization." There was also a belief that wars - at least great wars - were a thing of the past. Books such as Gustav de ...

Book Review: The New Dealers’ War

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The New Dealers’ War: F.D.R. and the War within World War II by Thomas Fleming (New York: Basic Books, 2001); 628 pages; $35. THE SECOND WORLD WAR is considered America’s “good war” of the 20th century. The First World War is considered the tragic war, which need not have occurred, which could have been ended much earlier than the four years over which it was fought, and which set loose the political demons that plagued the world for most of the rest of the century. Woodrow Wilson said the war was meant to “make the world safe for democracy,” but instead it generated the rise of communism, fascism, and Nazism. The Korean War cost the lives of more than 50,000 Americans but is the “forgotten war” of the Cold War. And the Vietnam War, which also took the lives of more than 50,000 Americans, is considered the immoral war, fought for the wrong reasons, for the wrong cause, with the wrong methods. But World ...